Optoelectronics & LED
Optoelectronic components convert between electricity and light: they emit, sense or transmit light. LEDs are the best-known members of this family.
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LEDs (single, RGB, addressable), photodiodes, optocouplers, infrared emitter-receivers and laser diodes are the main types. For LEDs, forward voltage, current, color and brightness matter; for detectors, wavelength and sensitivity. Lighting, indicators, isolation and remote control are the most common applications.
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Frequently asked questions
Why does an LED need a series resistor?+
An LED has a fixed forward voltage; connected directly it draws excessive current and burns out. A series resistor keeps the current safe. Resistor = (supply − LED voltage) / desired current.
What does an optocoupler do?+
An optocoupler transfers a signal via light, electrically isolating the input and output circuits. It is used to safely separate a high-voltage side from a low-voltage control circuit.
What is an addressable LED (WS2812)?+
Addressable LEDs like WS2812/NeoPixel are RGB LEDs with an integrated driver whose color and brightness can each be controlled individually over a single data line.