Microcontrollers & Processors
Microcontrollers and processors are the brains of embedded systems; with programmable logic they read sensors, make decisions and control outputs. They pack a CPU, memory and peripherals onto a single chip.
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AVR (ATmega), STM32 (ARM Cortex-M), ESP32/ESP8266, PIC and RP2040 are the main families. Processing power, memory, peripherals (ADC, PWM, communication), connectivity (Wi-Fi/BT) and power consumption matter when choosing one. IoT, robotics, automation and consumer devices are the most common applications.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a microcontroller and a microprocessor?+
A microcontroller integrates CPU, memory and peripherals on one chip and is designed for embedded control; a microprocessor is only the processing unit and needs external memory/peripherals (like a computer).
How do I choose between ESP32 and STM32?+
If you need Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, the ESP32 is ideal; if you need high-precision real-time control, low power and rich peripherals, the STM32 stands out.
What should I look at when choosing a microcontroller?+
The required processing power and memory, peripherals like ADC/PWM/communication, operating voltage, power consumption and the development ecosystem (libraries, community) are decisive.