Transformers
Transformers convert voltage levels through magnetic induction and provide galvanic isolation between circuits. They are a cornerstone of AC power and signal transfer.
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Power transformers, signal/audio transformers, pulse transformers and current transformers are the main types. Input/output voltage, power (VA), frequency and isolation voltage matter when choosing one. Power supplies, isolation and measurement are the most common applications.
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Frequently asked questions
How does a transformer work?+
Alternating current in the primary winding creates a magnetic field; this field induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The turns ratio steps voltage up or down (e.g. a 2:1 ratio halves the voltage).
Why does a transformer only work with AC?+
A transformer needs a continuously changing magnetic field, which is only possible with alternating current (AC). With steady DC no voltage is induced and the winding overheats.
What does an isolation transformer do?+
An isolation transformer couples input and output magnetically but separates them electrically; this provides safety and cuts noise caused by ground loops.