Transistors
Transistors are at the heart of amplification and electronic switching. They are semiconductor devices that use a small control signal to manage a much larger current.
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BJT (NPN/PNP), MOSFET (N/P channel) and IGBT are the main types. Maximum voltage (VCE/VDS), current (IC/ID), power dissipation and switching speed are decisive when selecting one. Power switching, motor driving, audio amplification and digital logic are the most common applications.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a MOSFET and a BJT?+
A BJT is current-controlled and needs base current; a MOSFET is voltage-controlled and its gate draws almost no current. MOSFETs are preferred for high-efficiency switching, BJTs for linear amplification.
When are NPN and PNP transistors used?+
NPN transistors are common in low-side switching (below the load), PNP in high-side switching (above the load). NPN is more common and usually cheaper.
How does a transistor work as a switch?+
When enough signal is applied to the base/gate the transistor conducts (like a short), and when the signal is removed it blocks (like an open). This lets a low-power signal control a high-power load.