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Resistors

Resistors are the most common passive components, used to limit current, divide voltage and set signal levels. They obey Ohm's law and appear in almost every electronic circuit.

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SMD (chip), carbon film, metal film, wirewound and power resistors are the main types. Resistance value (ohms), tolerance (1%, 5%), power rating (watts) and temperature coefficient matter when choosing one. Current limiting, pull-up/pull-down, voltage dividers and signal termination are the most common uses.

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Frequently asked questions

How do I read a resistor's value from its color code?+

On a four-band resistor the first two bands give the digits, the third the multiplier and the fourth the tolerance. For example brown-black-red-gold = 1 kΩ ±5%.

Why does a resistor's wattage rating matter?+

If the power dissipated exceeds the wattage rating, the resistor overheats and can burn out. Power = current² × resistance; a rating of at least twice the calculated value is typical.

What is the difference between SMD and through-hole resistors?+

SMD resistors are tiny, suited to automated assembly and mass production; through-hole resistors are hand-soldered and preferred for prototyping and higher-power use.

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