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RC Filter Calculator (Cutoff Frequency)

Instantly compute the −3 dB cutoff frequency (fc) and time constant of an RC filter from one resistor and one capacitor.

Cutoff frequency fc
159.2 Hz
fc = 1/(2πRC)
Time constant τ
1 ms
τ = RC

Low-pass: passes signals below fc, attenuates above it (−3 dB at fc).

Disclaimer: This calculator is provided for general informational and educational purposes only, on an “as is” basis and without any warranty of accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. Results may contain errors — always verify independently before relying on them in real designs. PartAndStock accepts no liability for any loss or damage arising from use of this tool, including when embedded on third-party sites.

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How to use

  1. 1Pick the filter type: low-pass or high-pass.
  2. 2Enter the resistor in kΩ and the capacitor in nF.
  3. 3The cutoff frequency (fc) and time constant (τ) are computed instantly.

How it works

Enter a resistor and capacitor value to find the cutoff frequency (fc) and time constant (τ) of a low-pass or high-pass RC filter.

fc = 1 / (2π·R·C) · τ = R·C (gain is −3 dB at fc)

How an RC filter works

A resistor and a capacitor form a frequency-dependent voltage divider. Because the capacitor's reactance (Xc = 1/2πfC) changes with frequency, so does the filter's output. The cutoff frequency fc is where output power drops to half (−3 dB, ~70.7% amplitude), which happens exactly when the resistance equals the reactance: fc = 1/(2πRC).

Low-pass vs high-pass

Take the output across the capacitor for a low-pass filter: low frequencies pass, high ones are attenuated (noise filtering). Take it across the resistor for a high-pass: DC and low frequencies are blocked, high ones pass (capacitor coupling). Both use the same fc formula; a first-order filter rolls off at ±20 dB/decade.

Worked examples

  • R=10 kΩ, C=100 nF → fc = 1/(2π·10k·100n) ≈ 159 Hz
  • R=1 kΩ, C=10 nF → fc ≈ 15.9 kHz
  • R=10 kΩ, C=100 nF → τ = RC = 1 ms

Common RC Combinations

RCfc (approx.)
1 kΩ100 nF1.59 kHz
10 kΩ100 nF159 Hz
10 kΩ10 nF1.59 kHz
100 kΩ1 µF1.59 Hz
1 kΩ10 nF15.9 kHz

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the RC filter cutoff frequency formula?+
fc = 1/(2π·R·C). E.g. 10 kΩ and 100 nF → ~159 Hz. This is the frequency where output drops by −3 dB.
What does −3 dB mean?+
At the cutoff, output power falls to half the input and amplitude to ~70.7%. It's taken as the boundary between the filter's pass and stop regions.
How do I tell low-pass from high-pass?+
Same component values — the difference is the connection: output across the capacitor is low-pass, across the resistor is high-pass. fc is identical for both.
How steep is the filter?+
A single RC (first-order) filter rolls off at ±20 dB/decade (~6 dB/octave). For a sharper transition, cascade stages or use an active (op-amp) filter.
Does a load affect the cutoff frequency?+
Yes. A low-impedance load on the output can change the effective resistance and shift fc. Keep the load high-impedance or add a buffer.

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