What Is Electromagnetic Induction?
Electromagnetic induction is a changing magnetic field producing a voltage in a conductor. Discovered by Michael Faraday, this phenomenon is the basis of countless technologies: the transformer, motor, generator and wireless charging.
What Is Induction?
When the magnetic field near a wire changes, a voltage is "induced" in the wire. The key is the change: a steady magnetic field produces no voltage — the field has to rise and fall.
How Does It Work?
If a magnet is moved inside a coil, a voltage appears in the coil. Likewise, a changing AC current through one coil induces a voltage in a neighboring coil — this is exactly how a transformer works.
Where Is It Used?
| Application | Role of induction |
|---|---|
| Transformer | Energy transfer from one coil to another |
| Generator | Turns motion into electricity |
| Electric motor | Turns electricity into motion |
| Wireless charging | Contactless energy transfer |
The Link to Inductance
Induction is the phenomenon behind inductance: a coil opposes a change in its own current with the voltage it induces (self-induction).
Common Mistakes
- Assuming a steady field: voltage appears only while the magnetic field changes; a stationary magnet produces none.
- Running a transformer on DC: a transformer needs a changing field; pure DC doesn't pass through it.
- Forgetting inductive kickback: inductive loads like relays/motors produce a high voltage when switched off; a protection diode is needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does induction require?+
Why doesn't a transformer work on DC?+
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