What Is the ESP32? WiFi + Bluetooth MCU: Specs and Uses
The ESP32 is a powerful dual-core microcontroller with both WiFi and Bluetooth. With up to 240 MHz, 520 KB SRAM, plenty of GPIO and rich peripherals (ADC/DAC/touch/PWM/CAN), it is a favourite for IoT and robotics. It uses 3.3 V logic; a solid supply is needed for WiFi/BT peaks.
The ESP32 is a powerful microcontroller with both WiFi and Bluetooth. With a dual-core processor, plenty of GPIO and rich peripherals (ADC, DAC, touch, PWM), it is a favourite for IoT and embedded projects. For the concept, see what is a microcontroller (MCU).
What is the ESP32 used for?
WiFi/Bluetooth-connected devices, smart home, robotics, audio/video (on certain versions) and battery-powered low-power IoT. It is programmed with the Arduino IDE, ESP-IDF or MicroPython.
Highlights
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Core | Dual-core Xtensa LX6, up to 240 MHz |
| Wireless | WiFi 802.11 b/g/n + Bluetooth (Classic + BLE) |
| SRAM | 520 KB |
| Supply | 3.3 V |
| Peripherals | ADC, DAC, touch, PWM, SPI, I2C, I2S, UART, CAN |
Watch out
The ESP32 also uses 3.3 V logic and its WiFi/BT peak current is high; a solid supply is a must. Some GPIOs are input-only or bootstrap pins — check the datasheet/board schematic when choosing pins.
Limitations
- Its ADC is non-linear (may need calibration).
- Some pins require special states at boot.
- More expensive and higher power than the ESP8266.
Equivalents and alternatives
- ESP32-WROOM-32: the most common module.
- ESP32-S3 / C3: AI/USB (S3) and RISC-V/low-cost (C3) versions.
- ESP8266: WiFi-only, cheaper.
- RP2040 (Pi Pico): a powerful MCU where no wireless is needed.
Find it in our catalog
Use the ESP32 search.